Singular and plural
Singular and plural
Learn the rules for forming plurals of nouns. Besides the standard "-s" ending, find out how to handle exceptions and irregular forms that are essential for correct communication.
✅ 1. Singular (Singular)
We use it when we talk aboutone thing.
-
a cat – cat
-
a table – table
-
a student – student
-
an apple – apple
📌 a / an→ "a" before a consonant, "an" before a vowel (a, e, i, o, u)
✅ 2. Plural (Plural)
We use it when we talk aboutmore than one thing.
📌 Rules for forming plural:
🔹 1. We add -s (most often)
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| book | books |
| Tsar | cars |
| dog | dogs |
🔹 2. We add -es, when the noun ends in:
-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| bus | buses |
| glass | glasses |
| brush | brushes |
| box | boxes |
| tomatoes | tomatoes |
🔹 3. Changing "y" to "ies", if there is a consonant before "y".
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| baby | babies |
| party | parties |
| city | cities |
👉 But: if there is a vowel before "y" → we only add it-s
✅ boy → boys, toy → toys
🔹 4. Ending "f" or "fe" → "ves"
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| leaf | leaves |
| knife | knives |
| wolf | wolves |
👉 But there are exceptions:roof → roofs, belief → beliefs
5. Irregular plural (changing the whole word)
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| man | men |
| woman | women |
| child | children |
| foot | feet |
| tooth | teeth |
| mouse | mice |
| person | people |
6. Te same w pojedynczej i mnogiej (no change)
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| sheep | sheep |
| deer | deer |
| fish* | fish |
* sometimes: fishes when talking about different species
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