Ellipsis and substitution
Ellipsis and substitution
I hope so. If not, we’ll leave. He can swim, and so can she. “Do so”, “one/ones”, “so/neither do I” — how to avoid repetition naturally.
so and not — substitution for clauses
“Will it rain?” — “I hope so / I hope not.”
“Is he coming?” — “I think so.” / “I don’t think so.”
👉 With hope, think, expect, believe, suppose, imagine, guess, be afraid.
👉 Negative: I don’t suppose so or I suppose not — both work.
do so / one / so do I
do so = repeats the action: He asked me to leave and I did so.
one/ones = repeats a countable noun: “Which car?” — “The red one.”
so + aux + subject: He can swim and so can she. Negative: neither/nor can she.
👉 “I don’t like it.” — “Neither do I.” (not ❌ I don’t too)
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